Brazilian Histories are complex, contradictory, multiple, fragmented, and incomplete histories. The exhibition is presented in the year that marks the 200th anniversary of the Independence of Brazil and the 100th anniversary of the Week of Modern Art. However, it is also the 100th anniversary of writer Lima Barreto’s death, and 100 years of artists Judith Lauand and Rubem Valentim’s birth. In addition, there is now an intense review of Brazil’s histories—as told in books, exhibitions, conferences, films, and documentaries. What are the themes, narratives, events, and characters to be celebrated, studied, and questioned in this long and conflicting process? Which ones have been deliberately forgotten?
Since 2016, MASP has organized a series of exhibitions and projects around different histories: Histórias da infância [Childhood Histories] (2016), Histórias da sexualidade [Histories of Sexuality] (2017), Histórias afro-atlânticas [Afro-Atlantic Histories] (2018), Histórias das mulheres, Histórias feministas [Women’s Histories, Feminist Histories] (2019), Histórias da dança [Histories of Dance] (2020), and now these Brazilian Histories (2022). The schedule for the year or biennium —as is the case for 2021-22—in which these group exhibitions are held is dedicated to these same histories and is complemented with solo shows connected to the theme. Not by chance, they encompass contents, images, and agendas of social, cultural, and political history, and are more related to contemporary agendas and everyday life than strictly to the history of art itself—as the sequence of our series of Histories indicates.
Brazilian Histories is divided into eight sections or nuclei organized by themes (not by chronologies or media), each one placed in a room: four on MASP’s first floor (Flags and Maps; Landscapes and the Tropics; Land and Territory; Retakings) and four on the second sublevel (Portraits; Rebellions and Revolts; Myths and Rites; Festivities). The exhibition includes more than 300 objects: paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, videos, installations, newspapers, magazines, books, documents, flags, and maps. It is organized by 11 curators, which underlines the project’s polyphonic aspect. Each section is curated by a pair of professionals, and among them, we find overlaps, complementation, connections, and contradictions.
In schools, we still learn that there is one single history. But it is not so. Our Histories (in the plural) show that this is an open process, which does not contemplate just one narrative (definitive, coherent, monolithic, and evolutionary), but includes many (open, diverse, inconstant, insurgent, preliminary and in conflict).
Brazilian Histories is organized under the curatorial direction of Adriano Pedrosa, Artistic Director, MASP, and Lilia M. Schwarcz, Guest Curator. The exhibition is curated with Amanda Carneiro, Assistant Curator, MASP; André Mesquita, Curator, MASP; Clarissa Diniz, Guest Curator; Fernando Oliva, Curator, MASP; Glaucea Brito, Assistant Curator, MASP; Guilherme Giufrida, Assistant Curator, MASP; Isabella Rjeille, Curator, MASP; Sandra Benites, Guest Curator; and Tomás Toledo, Guest Curator.
This exhibition is part of the two-year program at MASP dedicated to Brazilian Histories in 2021–22, which coincides with the Independence of Brazil’s bicentennial in 2022. This year, the cycle also includes individual exhibitions dedicated to Alfredo Volpi (1896–1988), Abdias Nascimento (1914–2011), Joseca Yanomami, Luiz Zerbini, Dalton Paula, Madalena dos Santos Reinbolt (1919–1977), Judith Lauand and Cinthia Marcelle, as well as shows in the video room of works by Aline Motta, Bárbara Wagner & Benjamin de Burca, Letícia Parente, Melanie Smith, and Tamar Guimarães.
#coleralegria
Abdias Nascimento
Adenor Gondim
Adriana Varejão
Agnaldo Manuel dos Santos
Agostinho Batista de Freitas
Agrippina R. Manhattan
Alberto da Costa e Silva
Alberto da Veiga Guignard
Alberto de Noronha Torrezão
Aline Albuquerque
Aline Motta
Allan Weber
Amadeo Lorenzatto
Ana Elisa Egreja
Ana Vitória Mussi
André Mantelli
André Ryoki
André Vargas
André Vilaron
Anita Malfati
Anna Bella Geiger
Anna Maria Maiolino
Antonio Bandeira
Antônio Francisco Lisboa (Aleijadinho)
Antonio Gomide
Antonio Henrique Amaral
Antonio Manuel
Antonio Obá
Arissana Pataxó
Arpillera mineira, atingidas em Brumadinho, MG
Arpillera paraense, Atingidas pela UHE Belo Monte em Altamira
Arpillera paraense, Atingidas pelo projeto da Usina de Marabá, comunidades de Vila Espírito Santo (Marabá), Vila Landi (São João do Araguaia) e Bacabal (Bom Jesus)
Arsenio da Silva
Arthur Timótheo da Costa
Baiana System
Bane Huni Kuin, Movimento dos artistas Huni Kuin (MAHKU)
Benedito Calixto
Benedito José Tobias
Beth Moysés
Bianca Barbosa Chizzolini/Parquinho Gráfico
Bob Wolfenson
Bruno Baptistelli
Candido Portinari
Carlos Julião
Carlos Zilio
Carmela Gross
Carmézia Emiliano
Carolina Caycedo
chameckilerner
Charles Othon Frederic Jean-Baptiste de Clarac
Cildo Meireles
Claudia Andujar
Cláudio Tozzi
Clovis Hirigaray
Colaboradores Equinaldo Silva e Kátia Flávia
Cristal
Curt Nimuendajú
Daiara Tukano
Davi de Jesus do Nascimento e Bicho Carranca
Denilson Baniwa
Desali
Descartes Gadelha
Diambe da Silva
Djanira da Motta e Silva
Duhigó
Edgar Kanayko
Edival Ramosa
Edmund Pink
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro
Eduardo Navarro
Elisclésio Makuxi
Emanoel Araújo
Emiliano Di Cavalcanti
Emmanuel Nassar
Emmanuel Zamor
Ernestina Antonia da Silva Oliveira
Eustáquio Neves
Fefa Lins
Felismar Manuel Nhamanrurí Schuteh Pury
Félix Émile Taunay
Ferdinand Denis
Fernando Sato
Firmino Monteiro
Frans Post
Frederico Costa
Gê Viana
German Lorca
Gerog Marcgrave e Joan Blaeu, atribuído a Frans Post
Giacomo Gastaldi
Gira
Glauco Rodrigues
Grupo de ação
Gustavo Torrezan e Nildilene Diniz da Silva (Pichuita)
Hank Willis Thomas
Heitor dos Prazeres
Hélio Melo
Henrique Bernardelli
Humberto Espíndola
Ibã Huni Kuin, Movimento dos artistas Huni Kuin (MAHKU)
Ignacio Aronovich/Lost Art
Iran do Espírito Santo
Ismael Nery
Itamar Garcez
J. M. Rugendas
Jaider Esbell
Jaime Lauriano
Jan van Brosterhuysen
Jean Baptiste Debret
Jean de Léry
Jean-Baptiste Debret
Jefferson Medeiros
Joan Blaeu
João Pimenta Filho
João Zinclar
Joedison Alves
José Antônio da Silva
José Bezerra
José Bina Fonyat Filho
José Correia de Lima
José Medeiros
José Pancetti
José Wasth Rodrigues
Joseca Yanomami
Jota
Jovanna Baby
Lalo de Almeida
Lampião da Esquina
Larissa de Souza
Lasar Segall
Leandro Joaquim
Leandro Vieira
Leonardo Queiroz
Lili Fialho
Linhas do Horizonte
Lourival Cuquinha
Luana Vitra
Lucas Arruda
Lucílio de Albuquerque
Lucy Citti Ferreira
Luiz Braga
Luiz Matheus
Lula Cardoso Ayres
Madalena dos Santos Reinbolt
Madame Satã
Mana Huni Kuin, Movimento dos artistas Huni Kuin (MAHKU)
Manoel da Costa Ataíde
Manuel Messias
Marc Ferrez
Marcel Gautherot
Marcela Cantuária
Marcelo Brodsky
Marcelo Sant’Anna Lemos
Márcio Vasconcelos
Marcos Chaves
Maré de Matos
Maria Auxiliadora Da Silva
Matheus Ribs
Mauro Restiffe
Mestre Didi
Mirian Inez da Silva
Movimento dos artistas Huni Kuin
Movimento dos Trabalhadores Ruarais Sem Terra (MST)
Mulambö
Nair Benedicto
Ney Matogrosso
Nidia Aranha
Nilson Barbosa
No Martins
O Bastardo
Osvaldo Carvalho
Oswald de Andrade
Otavio Araujo
Panmela Castro
Paulo Bruscky
Paulo Jares
Paulo Nazareth
Paulo Pedro Leal
Pedro Marighella
Pedro Motta
Pedro Victor Brandão
Pegge
Pisco del Gaiso
Priscila Rooxo
Programa Manos e Minas, TV Cultura
Rafael Bqueer
Rafael Matheus Moreira
Rafael Vilela
Randolpho Lamonier
Revista Manchete
Revolução Periférica
Ricardo Basbaum e João Camillo Penna
Richard Skerret Hickson
Robson Ruan Cristo
Rodrigo Arajeju
Rogério Reis
Rosa Gauditano
Rosana Paulino
Rosana Ricaldi
Rosangela Rennó
Rosina Becker do Valle
Rubem Valentim
Rubens Gerchman
Sallisa Rosa
Sandra Gamarra
Santarosa Barreto
Sebastião Salgado
Sepp Baendereck
Sergio Vidal
Serigrafistas Queer
Sidney Amaral
Talles Lopes
Tarsila do Amaral
Teresinha Soares
Thiago Honório
Tiago Rocha Pitta
Tiago Sant’Anna
Tuin Huni Kuin, Movimento dos artistas Huni Kuin (MAHKU)
Valeska Soares
Ventura Profana
Vicente Paulo da Silva
Victor Meirelles de Lima
Vivian Caccuri
Wallace Pato
Wesley Duke Lee
Wilson Tibério
Xadalu Tupã Jekupé (Colaboração: cacique Cirilo, wherá Mirim, Karai Mirim)
Xingu
Yacunã Tuxá
Yêdamaria
Yhuri Cruz
Zé Caboclo
ABOUT THE BRAZILIAN HISTORIES EXHIBITION
MASP holds the mission of establishing, in a critical and creative way, dialogues between past and present, cultures and territories, based on the visual arts. Precisely because it is a diverse, inclusive and plural museum, MASP values freedom of expression and makes public its commitment to art and democracy in the country.
The Museum, in its more than 70 years of history, has never censored or inhibited any form of artistic expression. On the contrary, over the decades the institution has been the stage for important discussions in society, such as those present in the annual exhibition cycles Histories of Sexuality, Afro-Atlantic Histories, Feminist Histories and Indigenous Histories.
In 2021-22, in particular, MASP's programming is dedicated to Brazilian Histories, within the framework of the 200 years of independence, with a large group show of the same name that aims to critically review the country's history. The exhibition, scheduled to open on July 1, 2022, is organized into 7 thematic sections: “Maps and flags”, “Landscapes and tropics”, “Land and territory”, “Rebellions and revolts”, “Myths and rites”, “Parties” and “Portraits”. The section “Resumption” [Retomadas] was also part of the section, curated by Clarissa Diniz, guest curator, and Sandra Benites, deputy curator, whose participation was canceled upon the request of the curators themselves on May 3 this year.
The cancellation was due to the impossibility of including, in the section, 6 works by photographers linked to the Movimento Sem Terra – MST, requested by the curators to the museum's production department, well outside the deadlines of the schedule established in the contract. These restrictions are common in the production process and also prevented other curators of the show from requesting some works in their respective sections.
The production had already sought to make the deadlines for requesting the loan of works more flexible – a minimum of 6 months (for Brazilian museums) and 4 months (for galleries, private collections and artists) – and even accepted a request for the inclusion of posters and documents from the collection of the MST. The schedule is very important for a healthy and quality assembly for all the teams involved, especially in an exhibition of this size: there are more than 300 works, occupying two floors in the museum, with a curatorial body composed of 11 members, and a team operating within deadlines. It is essential, therefore, greater rigidity and discipline in relation to all instances, not only curatorial and production, but also contractual.
MASP's refusal to include the 6 photographs is in no way linked to the content of the works, nor does it represent any censorship of the MST – something inadmissible in a democratic institution such as MASP. It is worth noting that a text authored by the MST was included in the book Histórias Brasileiras: Antologia, which accompanies the exhibition and will be released in July, thus ruling out any possibility of censorship. Also, the “Rebellions and Revolts” section, from the same exhibition, includes several images linked to demonstrations and social movements.
The museum deeply regrets the cancellation of “Resumption” [Retomadas]. The exhibition Brazilian Histories will continue with the other 7 sections organized by the MASP curators – Adriano Pedrosa, Amanda Carneiro, André Mesquita, Fernando Oliva, Glaucea Britto, Guilherme Giufrida, Isabella Rjeille, Lilia Schwarcz and Tomás Toledo.
ABOUT THE BRAZILIAN HISTORIES EXHIBITION
MASP — Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand goes public with a new information on the cancellation of the "Retomadas" [Resumptions] segment, which was part of the group show Brazilian Histories, to be opened on July 1st. The exhibition is part of the Histories series, which included Histories of Sexuality (2017), Afro-Atlantic Histories (2018), Feminist Histories (2019), among others.
The Museum has reflected a lot on the current moment and, as a living museum, seeks to learn from this episode, including observing procedural flaws and errors in the dialogue with the curators Clarissa Diniz and Sandra Benites, responsible for the “Retomadas” [Resumptions] segment. The institution publicly regrets the cancellation of the segment, so important for the exhibition, and the departure of the project's curators.
Intending to move forward so that similar episodes do not happen again in the future, we are open to listening to Benites and Diniz, in order to learn from this experience and improve processes and work models.
In this sense, if the curators agree, we propose to postpone the opening of the exhibition and reorganize its schedule so that we can include the "Retomadas" [Resumptions] segment in the show.
Another measure we are proposing is to hold a public seminar, on the “Retomadas” [Resumptions], during the exhibition period with the participation of the curators.
Finally, we will propose the incorporation of the 6 photographs by André Vilaron, Edgar Kanaykõ Xakriabá and João Zinclar into the Museum's collection, if it is of interest to the artists, as a record of the importance of these images for the history of MASP and recognition of the work developed by the curators together with the Movimento Sem Terra—MST.
MASP is committed to opening new spaces for listening, in the certainty that what we want is a more plural, inclusive and democratic Brazil - which can only be built collectively, based on open, empathetic and collaborative dialogue.